Manufacture of paper.



No. 660,808. Patented Oc t. so, IMO.

a. H. ANNANDALE.

MANUFACTURE OF PAPER.

(Applicgtion fllud lab. 17, 1900.)

(IolodaL) w W U k '4 I we U Q 9 si t 1L ii A TTOKNE VS W/TNESSZZS:

UNITED STATES PAT NT ()FFICE.

JAMES HUNTER ANNANDALE, OF POLTON, SCOTLAND."

MANUFACTURE OF PAPER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 660,808,, dated October30, 1900.

Application filed February 17. 1900. Serial No. 5,637. (No specimens.)

L0 all whom it Til/ity concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES HUNTER ANNAN- DALE, a citizen of the UnitedKingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Polton Paper Works,Polton, county of Mid-Lothian, Scotland, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper, (for which applicationfor patent has been made in Great Britain, No. 15,027, dated July 21,1899,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention comprises improvements in the art of papermaking; and ithas for its object the production in continuous web form in apaper-making machine run at a high speed of paper possessing thesuperior texture of hand-made paper and that from pulp which need not besubjected to the prolonged and expensive heating or like treatmentrequisite to make a close-texture machine-made paper.

Under my in vention I may employ a papermaking machine of the improvedconstruction hereinafter described, or a machine which may be of theordinary type except as regards the location of the first vacuum-box Theaccompanying drawings illustrate in longitudinal section at Figure 1 andin transverse section at Fig. 2 the wet end of a Fourdrinier papermakingmachine in which my invention may be carried out.

In lieu of allowing the pulp which is distributed over the wire A by theslice B to be carried along in the wet state or floating in water duringthe length of travel in which the Wire A is affected by the shake orcross motion imparted to the wet end of the machine and applying thefirst vacuum-box at a point where this shake or cross motion reduced toa minimum hardly affects the pulp I subject the pulp to the action ofavacuumbox 0 immediately upon its passage under the slice B or otherdistributer and while it is under the influence of the maximum shake ofthe wire, so thatthe paperis made while the fibers of the pulp areundergoing the felting action due to the shake. This result I attain inan ordinary paper-making machine by employing a first vacuum-box O oflarger area and more gentle and gradual action than usual and locatingit under the wire A in proximity to the slice B, so that the bulk of thewater in the pulp is drawn off, and the pa per is thus made upon theWire A instantaneously,even while thewire A is passing over thecomparatively small space between the slice B and the farthest side ofthe first vacuu m-box O at the point where the shake is most inevidence. and even textureof paper being obtained and any cloudy effectis prevented.

IVhile paper having the characteristics of hand-made paper may be thusproduced in existing paper-making machines, I prefer to employ a machineof improved construction in which the wire A is greatly shortened andthe tube-rolls D are for the most part/removed and their place taken bythe large first vacuum-box before referred to. The second vacuumbox E isor may be fitted beyond the dandy-roll F; but instead of being carriedthrough couch-rolls the wire is led around tail-rolls G, which terminatethe wet end of the machine, and the paper may be lifted from the wire bya blower placed between the tail-rolls G. The paper is thence led over asecond endless wire or felt H and is thereon subjected to the action ofcouching-rolls to express the excess of moisture and which may displacethefirst press-rolls of the ordinary machine. Even when a second wire isused this will serve to obliterate the former wire mark.

The action of the vacuum-box C in drawing off the water from the pulpwhile it is subjected to the shaking motion of the wire is in effect thesame as that due to the shaking and raising of the molds in making paperby hand, and the paper produced in the machine as above described isnecessarily akin in evenness and closeness of texture to the hand-madepaper produced from a like quality or preparation of pulp. The rate ofproduction and that of thoroughly well-made paper is naturally by myinvention enormously increased, and the process becomes invaluable inthe making of strong paper and in the making of good-texture papers atalmost any speed.

By observation and experiment I have proved that the production of closetexture in paper is dependent on the removal of the water simultaneouslywith the fullest operation of the shake and that it is this which Theresult insures a closev gives such closeness of texture and strength tohand-made papers, as the water in such case is rapidly removed by thesuction caused in lifting the mold from the vat.

The development of the machine up till now has been on directly oppositelines, and the machinewire has been extended from twenty to, in somecases, seventy feet, with the object of getting a better result intexture of paper. The cfiect has actually been deleterious, as the shakebeing applied only at the breast of the machineit has practicallydisappeared by the time it reaches the first vacuum-box, where the pulphas reached a consistency when alone the shake can be of value. Theshake only felts the paper when the quantity of water is so reduced thatthe individual fibers rub against or jostle one another, and the instantthis occurs the felting result is attained.

The ordinary idea is that machine-made paper is made faster thanhand-made. My observations and experiments have proved that while thelatter is made better it is made very much faster. The passage of thepulp over the making part of an ordinary machine takes ten to fifteenseconds, and the makingis not so good as might be. In a mold from thetime the pulp is leveled the sheet can be made perfectly in threeseconds, and it is this making that I propose exactly to reproduce by myprocess on the machine.

Having now described the invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

The method of producing paper, analogous in texture to hand-made paper,which consists in applyinga transverse shake or vibratory motion to thepaper-pulp while flowing In a thin stream, said shake varying in degreeat different points along the course of the pulp, being greatest at thehead of said stream and subjecting said pulp to suction at the point ofmaximum shake at the head of the stream of pulp whereby the paper ismade 'at the point of maximum shake, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

JAMES HUNTER ANNANDALE. Witnesses:

WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, J NO. ARMSTRONG, Jr.

